Study "China", a flashcard deck on FORKSAI.
THEORETICAL: How did the Qin Dynasty contribute to the national development and defense of China?
The Qin Dynasty mobilized the population for national development by building roads and canals for transport and agriculture. For defense, it constructed the Great Wall of China and codified laws for effective criminal justice.
DEFINITION: Distinguish between the Nationalists (Kuomintang) and the Communists in China during the 1930s.
In the 1930s, the Nationalists (Kuomintang) were conservatives, while the Communists were radicals. Despite their differences, they initially united to fight against Japanese imperialism.
THEORETICAL: Explain the primary goals of Mao Zedong's 'Great Leap Forward' program.
The 'Great Leap Forward' program, launched between 1958 and 1960, called for sacrifice, hard work, patriotism, industrialization, and an increase in food production. Its aim was to rapidly transform China into an industrial power.
DEFINITION: What was the 'Blooming of the 100 Flowers' era in China?
The 'Blooming of the 100 Flowers' was an era in 1956 when the Chinese government encouraged open discussions about the governance of the country. However, this period of open discourse was abandoned after only one year.
THEORETICAL: How did Deng Xiaoping's reforms after 1978 change China's economic landscape?
Deng Xiaoping gradually introduced market-oriented reforms and decentralized economic decision-making. These efforts were highly successful, leading to a quadrupling of GDP output by the year 2000.
DEFINITION: What was the 'One Child Policy' in China?
The 'One Child Policy' was a government policy implemented between 1979 and 2015 that restricted many families to having only a single child. It was a measure to control population growth.
THEORETICAL: How does the Communist Party of China maintain its authoritarian control over the country?
The Communist Party runs China under an authoritarian system, maintaining strong central control in a unitary system of government. Membership is restricted, and it is the most powerful political institution, influencing all aspects of governance.
DEFINITION: What are the dual roles of the President of China, as exemplified by Xi Jinping?
The President of China, such as Xi Jinping, holds both executive powers and ceremonial responsibilities. The President also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, subject to the party's control.
THEORETICAL: How is the State Council of China formed and what is its primary function?
The State Council is appointed by the National People's Congress and comprises the Prime Minister, four premieres, and a standing committee. Its primary function is to run the country and manage its daily affairs.
DEFINITION: What is the National People's Congress in China?
The National People's Congress is the legislative organ of China, consisting of about 3000 delegates representing various provinces, industries, unions, and the party. It makes laws, debates national issues, and selects a standing committee to run the country.