Study "Cell bio", a flashcard deck on FORKSAI.
What is the primary difference in the cell structure observed by Robert Hooke in cork compared to a living plant cell?
Robert Hooke observed only the tough cell walls of dead plant cells in cork, noting that the cell itself had disappeared. In a living plant cell, one would observe the intact cell with its internal constituents contained within the cell wall.
Define the term 'cell' as it was originally coined by Robert Hooke.
The term 'cell' was coined by Robert Hooke in 1665 to describe the small, box-like compartments he observed in a slice of cork bark. He likened them to the small rooms or 'cells' in a monastery.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is commonly known by what title, reflecting his significant contributions to early cell biology?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is commonly known as the 'Father of Microbiology'. His pioneering work with microscopes allowed him to be the first to observe and describe single-celled organisms, which he referred to as 'animalcules'.
According to the provided notes, what is the estimated total number of human cells in a 70 kg 'reference man'?
The 2016 study by Sender, Fuchs, and Milo revised the estimate to approximately 30 trillion human cells in a 70 kg 'reference man'.
How does the estimated number of bacterial cells in the human body compare to the number of human cells, according to the 2016 study mentioned?
The 2016 study estimates approximately 38 trillion bacterial cells, mainly in the gut, compared to about 30 trillion human cells. This suggests a ratio closer to 1:1, with microbial cells slightly outnumbering human cells.
An individual is taking a course of antibiotics. How might this affect the ratio of bacterial to human cells in their body, and why?
Antibiotic use can significantly alter the ratio of bacterial to human cells by reducing the number of microbial cells, particularly in the gut. This is because antibiotics are designed to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, thus decreasing the overall bacterial population.
What is the typical size range in diameter for human cells?
The typical size range for human cells is 10 - 120 μm in diameter. This range accounts for the diversity in size among the 210 different cell types found in the human body.
Which of the following historical figures is credited with coining the term 'cell'?
A) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek B) Robert Hooke C) Stephen Fordham D) Bianconi et al. The correct option is B. Robert Hooke coined the term 'cell' in 1665 after observing the structure of cork bark.
Where are most microbial cells in the human body primarily located?
Most microbial cells in the human body are primarily located in the colon. This area provides a suitable environment for a large and diverse population of bacteria.
What is one key characteristic of plant cells that allowed Robert Hooke to observe their structure even after the cell itself had disappeared?
A key characteristic of plant cells is their tough cell wall. This rigid outer layer persists even after the living contents of the cell have decayed, allowing its structure to be observed by Hooke in cork.