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Systme Nerveux Sxience Exam Final flashcards

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  1. Card 1

    Define the primary function of dendrites in a neuron.

    Dendrites are specialized extensions of a neuron that are responsible for receiving signals from other neurons. They act as the primary input sites for the neuron, transmitting electrochemical impulses towards the cell body.

  2. Card 2

    How does the myelin sheath contribute to the efficiency of signal transmission within the nervous system?

    The myelin sheath acts as an insulating layer around the axon of a neuron. Its primary role is to significantly accelerate the speed at which electrical signals, or nerve impulses, travel along the axon, thereby improving the efficiency and responsiveness of the nervous system.

  3. Card 3

    Distinguish between the roles of the brain and the cerebellum within the Central Nervous System (SNC).

    The brain is responsible for higher-level functions such as thought, sensory processing, and voluntary movements. In contrast, the cerebellum primarily focuses on maintaining balance, coordinating movements, and facilitating muscle memory, ensuring smooth and precise motor control.

  4. Card 4

    Which part of the neuron is described as the 'autoroute de l'influx' and what is its main function?

    The axon is described as the 'autoroute de l'influx'. Its main function is to transmit the electrochemical signal away from the cell body towards the axon terminals, acting as a high-speed pathway for nerve impulses.

  5. Card 5

    Explain the concept of signal retention in a neuron, specifically regarding the direction of impulse travel.

    Signal retention in a neuron refers to the consistent, unidirectional flow of an impulse. The impulse always travels from the dendrites, which receive the signal, through the cell body, down the axon, and finally to the axon terminals, which send the signal to the next neuron.

  6. Card 6

    What is the critical role of the brainstem (tronc cérébral) in the human body?

    The brainstem plays a critical role in maintaining involuntary survival functions. These include essential processes such as regulating heart rate and controlling respiration (lungs), which are vital for life and operate without conscious thought.

  7. Card 7

    Which component of the Central Nervous System (SNC) is primarily responsible for reflexes?

    The moelle épinière (spinal cord) is primarily responsible for reflexes. It acts as a crucial pathway for nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and it can also process some reflex actions independently of the brain.

  8. Card 8

    A neuron's cell body is essential for which of the following functions?

    C. Sustaining the cell's life. The corps cellulaire (cell body) is responsible for the metabolic processes that keep the neuron alive and functioning.

  9. Card 9

    If a person experiences difficulty with coordination and maintaining balance, which part of the Central Nervous System is most likely affected?

    B. Cervelet. The cerebellum is specifically responsible for equilibrium, coordination, and muscle memory, making it the most likely area to be affected by such symptoms.

  10. Card 10

    The 'terminaisons' of a neuron perform which action?

    D. Send the signal to the next neuron. The terminaisons (axon terminals) are the structures at the end of the axon that transmit the signal to subsequent neurons.

  11. Card 11

    Why is the myelin sheath considered crucial for the efficient functioning of the nervous system?

    The myelin sheath is crucial because it significantly increases the speed at which electrical impulses travel along the axon. This acceleration allows for rapid communication between different parts of the body and the brain, which is essential for quick responses and efficient processing of information.

  12. Card 12

    How do the dendrites and axon terminals work together to facilitate communication between neurons?

    Dendrites receive signals from preceding neurons, acting as the neuron's input receivers. Axon terminals, conversely, are the output structures that send signals to subsequent neurons. This complementary action ensures a continuous flow of information across neural networks.

  13. Card 13

    What would be the likely consequence if a significant portion of the tronc cérébral were damaged?

    Damage to the tronc cérébral would likely have severe and life-threatening consequences because this part of the brain controls essential involuntary survival functions such as heart rate and respiration. Impairment here could lead to immediate threats to basic bodily functions.

  14. Card 14

    Explain how the Peripheral Nervous System (SNP) functions in transmitting information within the body, differentiating between the roles of sensory and motor nerves.

    The Peripheral Nervous System (SNP) acts as the body's communication network, akin to electrical wires. Sensory nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory information from various parts of the body towards the brain. Conversely, motor nerves carry commands and signals from the brain to the muscles, enabling voluntary movements and actions.

  15. Card 15

    DEFINITION: Distinguish between the primary functions of the cerebellum and the brainstem within the Central Nervous System (SNC).

    The cerebellum is primarily responsible for maintaining equilibrium, coordinating movements, and facilitating muscular memory. In contrast, the brainstem is vital for involuntary survival functions, such as regulating the heart and lungs, ensuring essential bodily processes continue without conscious effort.

  16. Card 16

    Which component of the Central Nervous System is primarily responsible for processing thoughts, emotions, and voluntary movements?

    C) Cerveau. The brain (cerveau) is the central processing unit for thoughts, emotions, and voluntary movements, as indicated by its role in 'pensée, sens, mouvements volontaires'.

  17. Card 17

    Describe the complete pathway of an arc reflex, detailing the sequence of components involved from stimulus reception to muscle response.

    An arc reflex follows a specific pathway that begins with a sensor detecting a stimulus. This information is then transmitted via a sensory nerve to the spinal cord. Within the spinal cord, the signal is processed and then relayed to a motor nerve, which carries the command to a muscle, resulting in an involuntary response.

  18. Card 18

    DEFINITION: What is the primary role of the spinal cord within the Central Nervous System, beyond its function in reflex arcs?

    The spinal cord serves as a crucial component of the Central Nervous System, not only facilitating reflexes but also acting as a primary conduit for transporting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. It ensures communication pathways are open for both incoming sensory information and outgoing motor commands.

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