China flashcards

All 20 cards

1. Card 1

   How did the Qin Dynasty contribute to the national development and defense of China?

   The Qin Dynasty mobilized the population for national development by building roads and canals for transport and agriculture. For defense, it constructed the Great Wall of China and codified laws for effective criminal justice.

2. Card 2

   DEFINITION: Distinguish between the Nationalists (Kuomintang) and the Communists in China during the 1930s.

   In the 1930s, the Nationalists (Kuomintang) were conservatives, while the Communists were radicals. Despite their differences, they initially united to fight against Japanese imperialism.

3. Card 3

   Explain the primary goals of Mao Zedong's 'Great Leap Forward' program.

   The 'Great Leap Forward' program, launched between 1958 and 1960, called for sacrifice, hard work, patriotism, industrialization, and an increase in food production. Its aim was to rapidly transform China into an industrial power.

4. Card 4

   DEFINITION: What was the 'Blooming of the 100 Flowers' era in China?

   The 'Blooming of the 100 Flowers' was an era in 1956 when the Chinese government encouraged open discussions about the governance of the country. However, this period of open discourse was abandoned after only one year.

5. Card 5

   How did Deng Xiaoping's reforms after 1978 change China's economic landscape?

   Deng Xiaoping gradually introduced market-oriented reforms and decentralized economic decision-making. These efforts were highly successful, leading to a quadrupling of GDP output by the year 2000.

6. Card 6

   DEFINITION: What was the 'One Child Policy' in China?

   The 'One Child Policy' was a government policy implemented between 1979 and 2015 that restricted many families to having only a single child. It was a measure to control population growth.

7. Card 7

   How does the Communist Party of China maintain its authoritarian control over the country?

   The Communist Party runs China under an authoritarian system, maintaining strong central control in a unitary system of government. Membership is restricted, and it is the most powerful political institution, influencing all aspects of governance.

8. Card 8

   DEFINITION: What are the dual roles of the President of China, as exemplified by Xi Jinping?

   The President of China, such as Xi Jinping, holds both executive powers and ceremonial responsibilities. The President also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, subject to the party's control.

9. Card 9

   How is the State Council of China formed and what is its primary function?

   The State Council is appointed by the National People's Congress and comprises the Prime Minister, four premieres, and a standing committee. Its primary function is to run the country and manage its daily affairs.

10. Card 10

    DEFINITION: What is the National People's Congress in China?

    The National People's Congress is the legislative organ of China, consisting of about 3000 delegates representing various provinces, industries, unions, and the party. It makes laws, debates national issues, and selects a standing committee to run the country.

11. Card 11

    Why has China's judicial system come under international scrutiny?

    China's judicial system has come under international scrutiny due to its corrupt nature and significant influence by the Communist Party's wishes. This has led to concerns regarding human rights abuses, such as the brutal suppression of student protests for democracy.

12. Card 12

    DEFINITION: What is China's status within the United Nations?

    China is a member of the United Nations and holds a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, granting it veto power. This position reflects its significant influence in global affairs.

13. Card 13

    How did the end of World War II impact the relationship between the Nationalists and Communists in China?

    The advent of World War II weakened Japan as an imperial power, which had previously united the Nationalists and Communists against a common enemy. After the war, the two factions broke ranks, and a civil war ensued.

14. Card 14

    DEFINITION: Who were 'The Gang of Four' and what happened to them after Mao's death?

    'The Gang of Four' consisted of Mao's widow and three other party leaders. After Mao's death in 1976, they were arrested during a power struggle, leading to moderates taking control of the country.

15. Card 15

    How did the Communist Party consolidate China's national sovereignty after defeating the Nationalists?

    After defeating the Nationalists, Mao and the Communists consolidated China's national sovereignty. By 1954, a national communist constitution was established, which helped stabilize the country under their leadership.

16. Card 16

    DEFINITION: What characterized the period of the 'Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution'?

    The 'Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,' launched by Mao in 1965 and lasting until 1975, was a period of great purges and cultural reform. It was marked by significant social upheaval and resulted in the loss of nearly 34,000 lives.

17. Card 17

    How does the Communist Party of China restrict membership, and what does this imply about its power?

    Membership in the Communist Party of China is restricted, with only 7% of the population registered as members. This limited membership indicates an exclusive and tightly controlled political institution that wields immense power over the country.

18. Card 18

    DEFINITION: What is the significance of China being a 'unitary system of government with strong central control'?

    Being a unitary system of government with strong central control means that political power is concentrated at the national level, with provinces having limited autonomy. This allows the central Communist Party to enforce its policies uniformly across the country.

19. Card 19

    How does the Executive Branch in China, specifically the President, relate to the Communist Party?

    The President of China, while holding executive and ceremonial powers, is subject to the control of the Communist Party of China, particularly in their role as General Secretary. This demonstrates the party's ultimate authority over the state's executive functions.

20. Card 20

    DEFINITION: What is the role of the standing committee selected by the National People's Congress?

    The National People's Congress selects a standing committee, which is charged with the day-to-day running of the country. This smaller body acts on behalf of the larger Congress when it is not in session, making key decisions and overseeing government operations.

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