HAP CARDIO +INTERG SYSTEM MEDIUM flashcards

All 20 cards

1. Card 1

   Which of the following correctly defines the circulatory system?

   A. The circulatory system is the cardiovascular system combined with the lymphatic system, primarily functioning to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and remove waste products.

2. Card 2

   What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

   C. To move blood throughout the body via the heart and blood vessels, transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removing waste products.

3. Card 3

   Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?

   A. Red blood cells are specialized for oxygen transport due to their hemoglobin content.

4. Card 4

   A patient presents with a condition where their arterioles are narrowing, leading to fewer deliveries of blood to their tissues. This process is known as:

   B. Vasoconstriction. This is the narrowing of arterioles, which reduces blood flow to tissues.

5. Card 5

   Which type of blood vessel is characterized by a one-cell thick wall, is very narrow, and is the primary site for the exchange of O2/nutrients out and CO2/waste in?

   C. Capillaries. Their thin walls and narrow diameter facilitate efficient exchange between blood and tissues.

6. Card 6

   At the arteriole end of a capillary bed, what process occurs due to high pressure?

   A. Filtration. High pressure at the arteriole end pushes fluid, oxygen, glucose, and ions out into the tissues.

7. Card 7

   Which of the following organ systems is responsible for producing blood cells, an essential component transported by the cardiovascular system?

   B. Skeletal system. Bone marrow within the skeletal system is responsible for hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells.

8. Card 8

   The heart is located in the mediastinum. Where exactly is this area?

   A. Central thoracic cavity, behind/left of the sternum, between the lungs. This describes the precise anatomical location of the heart.

9. Card 9

   Which layer of the heart wall is primarily composed of cardiac muscle and is responsible for the heart's pumping action?

   B. Myocardium. This is the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall responsible for contraction.

10. Card 10

    The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to which chamber of the heart?

    A. Right atrium. The superior vena cava is one of the major vessels that delivers deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart.

11. Card 11

    Which artery is often referred to as the 'widow-maker' due to the severe consequences of its blockage, supplying the front of the heart and interventricular septum?

    B. Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery. Blockage of the LAD artery can lead to extensive myocardial infarction.

12. Card 12

    The pacemaker of the heart, which normally fires 70-80 impulses/min, is the:

    A. SA node (sinoatrial node). It initiates the electrical impulses that regulate the heart rate.

13. Card 13

    What event characterizes atrial systole during the cardiac cycle?

    A. Atria contract and push blood into the ventricles. Systole refers to the contraction phase of the heart chambers.

14. Card 14

    Atherosclerosis is defined as the build-up of fatty plaques in arterial walls. Which of the following is a direct consequence of this condition?

    C. Reduced blood flow, increased blood pressure, and risk of clot formation. These are all direct results of arterial narrowing caused by plaque buildup.

15. Card 15

    Which medication is typically prescribed to lower LDL cholesterol and slow plaque progression in patients with atherosclerosis?

    A. Statins. These drugs are effective in reducing cholesterol levels and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques.

16. Card 16

    A surgical procedure involving a balloon catheter to widen a narrowed artery is known as:

    B. Angioplasty. This intervention aims to restore blood flow through a blocked or narrowed artery.

17. Card 17

    Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat and sebaceous glands?

    B. Dermis. This middle layer of the skin is rich in these structures, supporting skin function and sensation.

18. Card 18

    When the body temperature rises, the integumentary system helps regulate it through vasodilation. What is the immediate effect of vasodilation in this context?

    A. More blood near the skin, leading to heat loss to the environment and the skin looking red. Vasodilation increases blood flow to the surface to facilitate cooling.

19. Card 19

    Which type of sweat gland is located throughout the body, opens onto the skin surface, and primarily functions in thermoregulation by secreting watery sweat?

    A. Eccrine glands. These are the main sweat glands involved in cooling the body.

20. Card 20

    Changes in the appearance of nails can serve as clinical indicators for various health issues. Which of the following can be signaled by such changes?

    D. Nutritional deficiencies, circulatory problems, or infection. Nails can provide visual cues about underlying systemic health conditions.

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