HAP CARDIO MEDIUM flashcards

All 20 cards

1. Card 1

   Which of the following correctly defines the circulatory system?

   A. The circulatory system is the cardiovascular system combined with the lymphatic system, primarily functioning to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and remove waste products.

2. Card 2

   What is the primary function of red blood cells within the cardiovascular system?

   A. Red blood cells are primarily responsible for oxygen transport throughout the body, delivering it to tissues and organs.

3. Card 3

   Which blood vessel type is characterized by its one-cell thick wall and serves as the main site for exchange of O2/nutrients out and CO2/waste in?

   C. Capillaries are one-cell thick, very narrow, and are the primary sites for the exchange of substances between blood and tissues.

4. Card 4

   Vasoconstriction of arterioles leads to which of the following outcomes?

   A. Vasoconstriction, the narrowing of arterioles, results in fewer deliveries of blood to the tissue, controlling blood flow.

5. Card 5

   At the arteriole end of a capillary bed, what process is primarily occurring due to high pressure?

   B. Filtration occurs at the arteriole end due to high pressure, pushing fluid, oxygen, glucose, and ions out into the tissues.

6. Card 6

   Which of the following body systems is responsible for producing blood cells, demonstrating a link with the cardiovascular system?

   C. The skeletal system, specifically bone marrow, is responsible for producing blood cells, linking it to the cardiovascular system.

7. Card 7

   Where is the heart primarily located within the thoracic cavity?

   B. The heart is located in the mediastinum, which is the central thoracic cavity, behind and slightly to the left of the sternum, between the lungs.

8. Card 8

   Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body via the superior vena cava?

   A. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body through the superior vena cava.

9. Card 9

   The Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery is a branch of which major coronary artery?

   B. The Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery is a division of the Left Coronary Artery (LCA), supplying the front of the heart and the interventricular septum.

10. Card 10

    What is the natural pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical impulses?

    A. The SA node (sinoatrial node) located in the right atrium is the natural pacemaker of the heart, firing 70-80 impulses per minute.

11. Card 11

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles contract, pushing blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

    B. Ventricular systole is the phase where the ventricles contract, increasing pressure and pumping blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

12. Card 12

    Atherosclerosis is defined as the build-up of fatty plaques in arterial walls. What is a direct consequence of this condition?

    D. Atherosclerosis leads to a narrowed lumen in arterial walls, which results in reduced blood flow, increased blood pressure, and a higher risk of clot formation.

13. Card 13

    Which of the following is a common symptom of heart failure?

    C. Shortness of breath is a common symptom of heart failure, indicating the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet metabolic demands, often leading to pulmonary oedema.

14. Card 14

    Which medication is typically prescribed to lower LDL cholesterol and slow plaque progression in patients with atherosclerosis?

    A. Statins are medications specifically used to lower LDL cholesterol levels, thereby slowing the progression of atherosclerotic plaques.

15. Card 15

    What surgical intervention involves widening a narrowed artery using a balloon catheter?

    B. Angioplasty is a surgical procedure that uses a balloon catheter to widen a narrowed artery, often followed by stent placement.

16. Card 16

    Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles?

    B. The dermis is the skin layer that contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat and sebaceous glands.

17. Card 17

    How does the cardiovascular system contribute to temperature regulation in the integumentary system when the body temperature rises?

    A. When body temperature rises, vasodilation occurs in the dermal blood vessels, bringing more blood near the skin surface to lose heat to the environment.

18. Card 18

    Which type of sweat gland is primarily involved in thermoregulation and opens onto the skin surface?

    A. Eccrine sweat glands are located throughout the body, open onto the skin surface, and secrete watery sweat for thermoregulation.

19. Card 19

    What is a significant advantage of using hair for toxicological analysis in forensics?

    D. Hair offers a long detection window for substances, provides a stable biological record, is difficult to tamper with, and is useful when other samples are unavailable.

20. Card 20

    Changes in the appearance of nails can serve as clinical indicators for which of the following conditions?

    C. Changes in nail appearance can signal nutritional deficiencies, circulatory problems, or infections, making them useful clinical indicators.

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