TABLE OF CONTENTS flashcards

All 12 cards

1. Card 1

   What are 'social realities' according to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann?

   According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann in 'The Social Construction of Reality' (1966), social reality is the subjective reality that is socially constructed through human interaction.

2. Card 2

   Explain the difference between 'absolute poverty' and 'relative poverty'.

   Absolute poverty is the condition where people are unable to achieve the basic necessities of life, such as food, clothing, and shelter. Relative poverty, on the other hand, refers to a socially constructed norm of well-being, where individuals are compared to a proportion of society thought to be lacking.

3. Card 3

   What is 'social exclusion' and what does it connote?

   Social exclusion implies that along with material deprivation, there is an exclusion from avenues that ensure the development of one's full human potential and ability to participate in economic, social, and political life. It connotes both a lack of choice and a lack of power, as described by economist Amartya Sen as 'substantive freedoms'.

4. Card 4

   Describe the 'change agent system' as outlined by Pincus and Minahan in the context of social work using Systems Theory.

   The change agent system, as outlined by Pincus and Minahan, refers to the agency or institution that employs social workers. This system is responsible for initiating and facilitating the process of change for clients.

5. Card 5

   What is 'role conflict' in Role Theory, and provide an example.

   Role conflict occurs when a person occupying two or more positions at the same time experiences conflicting expectations. An example is a woman who engages in paid work to supplement family income but is simultaneously expected by her society to be a full-time homemaker.

6. Card 6

   According to Hunt et al. (1987), how is culture defined?

   According to Hunt et al. (1987), culture is defined as a 'complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of his society'.

7. Card 7

   What are the two types of child welfare services, and what do they entail?

   The two types of child welfare services are Direct Service and Indirect Service. Direct Service involves providing assistance to children in their own homes (e.g., material aid, educational services) or child placement (e.g., residential care, foster care, adoption). Indirect Service includes financing at national or international levels and coordination to prevent duplication among agencies.

8. Card 8

   What is the ultimate aim of foster family care?

   The ultimate aim of foster family care is to reunite the child with their biological parents. If reunification is not possible, for older children, the aim is to prepare them for adoption or for independent living.

9. Card 9

   What are the three criteria McKee and Robertson (1975) offered to explain what a social problem is?

   McKee and Robertson (1975) explained that a social problem involves the subjective perception of an objective condition, a gap between social ideals and social reality, and must be perceived as a problem by a significant number of people or by a number of significant people.

10. Card 10

    How does Functionalist Theory view the parts of society and what is a 'dysfunction'?

    Functionalist Theory posits that every part of society, such as the family, school, economy, and government, performs certain functions for the society as a whole, and all parts depend on each other for social order. A 'dysfunction' is the failure of some parts of society to perform their functions, leading to a disruption of this interdependent network.

11. Card 11

    According to Conflict Theory, what are the primary sources of social problems?

    According to Conflict Theory, social problems primarily arise from various kinds of social conflict, including class conflict (e.g., between the bourgeoisie and proletariat), racial or ethnic conflict (e.g., prejudice and discrimination by a dominant group), and gender conflict (e.g., prejudice and discrimination by men against women, often within a patriarchal system).

12. Card 12

    What is 'Sikolohiyang Filipino' and what does it aim to explain?

    Sikolohiyang Filipino, or Filipino Psychology, is the systematic and scientific study, appreciation, and application of indigenous knowledge for, of, and by Filipinos regarding their psychological make-up, society, and culture. It aims to explain Philippine realities from a Filipino perspective, considering the unique values and characteristics of Filipinos that Western models often fail to address.

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