Histoire Bloc 4 flashcards

All 20 cards

1. Card 1

   How did the Constitutional Act of 1791 lead to the division of the colony and what were the key characteristics of each new entity?

   The Constitutional Act of 1791 separated the colony into Upper and Lower Canada. Upper Canada was primarily anglophone, settled by Loyalists, organized into townships, and governed by British laws. Lower Canada was predominantly francophone, maintained the seigneurial system, and continued to use French civil laws.

2. Card 2

   Why was the Governor General considered the true leader under the Constitutional Act of 1791, despite the existence of a Chambre d'assemblée?

   The Governor General held significant power, including an absolute right of veto over legislation and the authority to appoint members to the Executive and Legislative Councils. These appointed Councils could block laws proposed by the elected Chambre d'assemblée, effectively limiting its real power and centralizing authority with the Governor General.

3. Card 3

   How did the appointed Councils (Executive and Legislative) contribute to political tensions in the colony, particularly concerning the Chambre d'assemblée?

   The appointed Councils, whose members were not elected, had the power to block laws proposed by the elected Chambre d'assemblée and managed the budget. This created a system where the will of the elected representatives could be overridden by an unelected body, leading to frustration and political deadlock.

4. Card 4

   How did the social structure of the colony, as depicted by the 'Pyramid,' reflect the distribution of power and influence between British and French Canadian groups?

   The 'Pyramid' illustrates a clear hierarchy where British groups held the most power. Colonial administrators and the wealthy British business bourgeoisie occupied the top tiers, controlling political and economic spheres. French Canadian groups, including seigneurs, clergy, professionals, and the vast majority of the population (artisans, workers, farmers), occupied lower tiers, indicating less direct political and economic control.

5. Card 5

   Why was the bourgeoisie professionnelle in the French Canadian zone considered important, despite being lower in the social hierarchy than the British elite?

   The bourgeoisie professionnelle, comprising doctors, notaries, lawyers, journalists, and surveyors, played a crucial role in defending the interests of the French Canadian population. They often served as advocates and leaders for the people, providing a voice and representation within the colonial society.

6. Card 6

   How did the 'Grande Migration' between 1815 and 1830 impact the demographic composition of the colony?

   The 'Grande Migration' brought a large influx of poor immigrants from the British Isles, primarily Irish and Scottish, to the colony. This significantly increased the non-French speaking population, altering the demographic balance and potentially contributing to social and cultural shifts.

7. Card 7

   Why was Grosse-Île established as a mandatory quarantine station in 1832, and what was its primary purpose?

   Grosse-Île was established as a mandatory quarantine station in 1832 primarily to combat the cholera epidemic. Its purpose was to isolate incoming immigrants, particularly those arriving during the 'Grande Migration,' to prevent the spread of infectious diseases into the main population centers of the colony.

8. Card 8

   How did the decline of the fur trade in the early 19th century necessitate a 'grand virage' in the colony's economy?

   The fur trade declined due to resource depletion and culminated in the merger of the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company in 1821. This decline necessitated a significant economic shift, or 'grand virage,' as the colony needed to find new primary economic activities to sustain itself, leading to the rise of the timber industry.

9. Card 9

   How did Napoleon's Continental Blockade in 1806 inadvertently stimulate the boom of the timber industry in Lower Canada?

   Napoleon's Continental Blockade cut off the United Kingdom from its traditional European sources of timber. This created a critical demand for wood, which Lower Canada was able to supply through exports to England, thereby initiating and fueling the boom of its timber industry.

10. Card 10

    Why was the Canal de Lachine, built in 1825, an important infrastructure development for the burgeoning timber industry and overall commerce?

    The Canal de Lachine was crucial because it allowed boats to bypass the rapids on the St. Lawrence River. This improved navigation, making it easier and more efficient to transport timber and other goods, thereby supporting the growth of the timber industry and facilitating broader commercial activities.

11. Card 11

    How did the establishment of the Banque de Montréal in 1817 contribute to the economic development of the colony?

    The Banque de Montréal, as the first bank in the colony, played a vital role by issuing paper money and providing loans to merchants. This facilitated trade, investment, and economic growth by offering a more standardized currency and access to capital for business ventures.

12. Card 12

    What were the primary causes of the agricultural crisis that affected the colony around 1830?

    The agricultural crisis around 1830 was primarily caused by exhausted soils, leading to declining yields. This was compounded by the overpopulation of the seigneuries, which put further strain on available land, and a significant drop in wheat prices, ultimately resulting in widespread famines.

13. Card 13

    How did the British Corn Laws, intended as protectionist measures, impact the agricultural economy of the colony, particularly favoring Upper Canada?

    The British Corn Laws imposed taxes on foreign grains, effectively protecting British agriculture and favoring grain producers within the British Empire. This policy benefited Upper Canada, which had a more developed grain-producing economy, by providing a preferential market for its agricultural exports, while potentially exacerbating the crisis in Lower Canada where agriculture was struggling.

14. Card 14

    Why were the elections of 1792 notable for their electoral rules, particularly regarding women's suffrage?

    The elections of 1792 were notable because, while they had a property-based electoral census (cens électoral) limiting voting to property owners, they exceptionally allowed women who owned property to vote. This was a rare instance of female suffrage for its time.

15. Card 15

    How did the 'Querelle de la langue' highlight the linguistic tensions between the elected deputies and the British authorities?

    The 'Querelle de la langue' arose when elected deputies advocated for bilingualism in official texts. However, London imposed English as the mandatory language for all official documents, demonstrating a clear conflict between the local desire for linguistic equality and the imperial policy of asserting English dominance, thus highlighting significant linguistic tensions.

16. Card 16

    How did the 'Querelle des subsides' contribute to the political impasse that led to the Rebellions of 1837-1838?

    The 'Querelle des subsides' was a major point of contention where the Assembly blocked the budget. This action was taken because the Assembly demanded control over public expenditures, a power that London was unwilling to grant, thus creating a significant deadlock in governance.

17. Card 17

    Why did the British government implement the Corn Laws, and how did they affect the Canadian colonies?

    The British government implemented the Corn Laws as a form of protectionism, imposing taxes on foreign grains. This policy was intended to favor British agricultural producers and, in the context of Canada, specifically benefited the agricultural sector of Upper Canada by making its grain more competitive in the British market.

18. Card 18

    How did the 'Guerre des journaux' reflect the growing political and linguistic tensions in Lower Canada prior to the Rebellions?

    The 'Guerre des journaux' exemplified the deep divisions between English and French communities, with 'The Quebec Mercury' representing English interests and 'Le Canadien' advocating for French-Canadian concerns. The governor's seizure of 'Le Canadien' and the arrest of its staff demonstrated the suppression of dissent and heightened the political and linguistic tensions, fueling public discontent.

19. Card 19

    Why did the Clergy, specifically Mgr Lartigue, oppose the armed rebellion during the events of 1837-1838?

    Mgr Lartigue and the Clergy opposed the armed rebellion by explicitly forbidding it and threatening religious sanctions against those who participated. This stance aimed to maintain loyalty to London and prevent further social and political instability, aligning the Church with the established authorities.

20. Card 20

    How did the '92 Résolutions' and the subsequent '10 Résolutions Russell' highlight the fundamental disagreements between the Parti patriote and the British government?

    The '92 Résolutions' outlined the Parti patriote's demands for democratic reforms, including a responsible government, sent to London. In stark contrast, the '10 Résolutions Russell' represented London's complete refusal of these demands, even authorizing the governor to appropriate funds without the Assembly's consent. This exchange underscored an irreconcilable difference regarding the extent of colonial self-governance.

More flashcard decks

• Histoire Bloc 2 flashcards (20 cards)
• Histoire Bloc 3 flashcards (17 cards)
• Histoire exam final Bloc 1 flashcards (14 cards)
• Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics flashcards (149 cards)
• Género Bacillus y Clostridium flashcards (100 cards)
• Ψηφιακά Παιχνίδια και Μάθηση flashcards (100 cards)

Browse every shared deck